{"id":603,"date":"2019-02-05T11:39:04","date_gmt":"2019-02-05T11:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/?p=603"},"modified":"2019-02-05T11:39:25","modified_gmt":"2019-02-05T11:39:25","slug":"prof-dr-necdet-tosun-tasavvufun-islam-sanatlarina-tesiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/?p=603","title":{"rendered":"Prof. Dr. Necdet TOSUN: TASAVVUFUN \u0130SL\u00c2M SAN&#8217;ATLARINA TES\u0130R\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans';\">TASAVVUFUN <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans';\">\u0130SL\u00c2M SAN&#8217;ATLARINA <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans';\">TES\u0130R\u0130<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-family: 'Lucida Sans';\">Necdet TOSUN<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u0130slam sanatlar\u0131ndan \u015fiir, musik\u00ee, hat, ebr\u00fb gibi sahalarda eser verenlerden bir \u00e7o\u011funun hayat\u0131 incelendi\u011finde tasavvuf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ve tekkelerle ili\u015fkili ki\u015filer olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hz. Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131 ciltlik Mesnev\u00ee\u2019si Fars\u00e7a ve naz\u0131m (\u015fiir) olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u2019d\u00ee \u015e\u00eer\u00e2z\u00ee ve Fer\u00eed\u00fcddin Att\u00e2r da Fars\u00e7a manzum eserler yazan b\u00fcy\u00fck mutasavv\u0131f ve \u015f\u00e2irlerdendir. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee, Yunus Emre, Niy\u00e2z\u00ee M\u0131sr\u00ee, \u015eeyh G\u00e2lib gibi en \u00f6nemli isimleri tekke muhitlerinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f s\u00fbf\u00eelerdir.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sanat, zevk-i selim sahibi, duygu y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6n planda olan insanlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fi bir sahad\u0131r. Tasavvuf da insan\u0131n duygular\u0131na hitap eden, ince ruhlu insanlar<br \/>\nyeti\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir e\u011fitim sistemidir. \u00d6te yandan sanattaki ba\u015far\u0131, uzun y\u0131llara yay\u0131lan bir sabr\u0131n sonucudur.<br \/>\nTasavvufta da nefsi terbiye etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 zorluklara sabretmek en \u00f6nemli esaslardan biridir. Bu sebeple tasavvuf ve sanat her zaman birbirine yak\u0131n olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Eskiden<br \/>\nberi, akl\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6n planda olan insanlar medrese ilimlerinde, duygu y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6n planda olanlar da tasavvuf yolunda ilerlemeye daha m\u00fcsait ki\u015filer olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<br \/>\n\u0130slam sanatlar\u0131ndan \u015fiir, musik\u00ee, hat, ebr\u00fb gibi sahalarda eser verenlerden bir \u00e7o\u011funun hayat\u0131 incelendi\u011finde tasavvuf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ve tekkelerle ili\u015fkili ki\u015filer olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hz. Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131 ciltlik Mesnev\u00ee\u2019si Fars\u00e7a ve naz\u0131m (\u015fiir) olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u2019d\u00ee \u015e\u00eer\u00e2z\u00ee ve Fer\u00eed\u00fcddin Att\u00e2r da Fars\u00e7a manzum eserler yazan b\u00fcy\u00fck mutasavv\u0131f ve \u015f\u00e2irlerdendir. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n Hoca Ahmed Yesev\u00ee, Yunus Emre, Niy\u00e2z\u00ee M\u0131sr\u00ee, \u015eeyh G\u00e2lib gibi en \u00f6nemli isimleri tekke muhitlerinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f s\u00fbf\u00eelerdir. Tasavvuf d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin co\u015fkunlu\u011fu olmadan Yunus\u2019un:<br \/>\n<em>\u201cA\u015fk\u0131n ile \u00e2\u015f\u0131klar<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Yans\u0131n ya Resulullah<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u0130\u00e7ip a\u015fk\u0131n \u015farab\u0131n<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Kans\u0131n ya Resulullah\u201d<\/em><br \/>\ndizeleri s\u00f6ylenebilir miydi? Tasavvuf d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin derinli\u011fi olmasayd\u0131 Niy\u00e2z\u00ee M\u0131sr\u00ee\u2019nin:<br \/>\n<em>Kahr\u0131 l\u00fctfu \u015fey\u2019-i v\u00e2hid bilmeyen \u00e7ekti az\u00e2b<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Ol az\u00e2bdan kurtulup sult\u00e2n olan anlar bizi.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Z\u00e2hid\u00e2 ay\u0131k dururken anlamazs\u0131n sen bizi<\/em><br \/>\n<em>C\u00fcr\u2018a-i s\u00e2f\u00ee i\u00e7\u00fcp mest\u00e2n olan anlar bizi.<\/em><br \/>\ndizeleri dile gelebilir miydi?<br \/>\n\u015eiirde oldu\u011fu gibi m\u00fbsik\u00ee sahas\u0131nda da en \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyetlerin tekkelerden yeti\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>XVII. asr\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fbsik\u00ee \u00fcst\u00e2d\u0131 H\u00e2f\u0131z Post\u2019un Halvetiyye tar\u00eekat\u0131na m\u00fcntesip oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTende can\u0131m, canda c\u00e2n\u00e2n\u0131md\u0131r Allah H\u00fb diyen\u201d m\u0131sra\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan acem dura\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cVakt-i seherde a\u00e7\u0131la perde\u201d m\u0131sra\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan nev\u00e2 il\u00e2hisi H\u00e2f\u0131z Post\u2019un en se\u00e7kin besteleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en kuvvetli \u015f\u00e2ir, bestek\u00e2r ve h\u00e2nendelerinden olan Buh\u00fbr\u00eez\u00e2de Mustafa Itr\u00ee (\u00f6. 1123\/1711) Mevleviyye tar\u00eekat\u0131na m\u00fcntesip bir dervi\u015fti.<br \/>\nYenikap\u0131 Mevlev\u00eeh\u00e2nesi\u2019ne devam ederek C\u00e2m\u00ee Ahmed Dede\u2019ye ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze miras kalan ve \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bir benzeri olmayan me\u015fhur seg\u00e2h tekb\u00eer ve sal\u00e2t-\u0131 \u00fcmmiyenin bestesi de Itr\u00ee\u2019ye \u00e2ittir.<br \/>\nXVIII. as\u0131rda \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Galata Mevlev\u00eeh\u00e2nesi \u015fehrin en \u00f6nemli m\u00fbsik\u00ee merkezlerinden biriydi. T\u00fcrk musik\u00ee nazariy\u00e2t\u0131na ilk e\u011filenlerden N\u00e2y\u00ee Osman Dede bu tekkenin \u015feyhi idi. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n me\u015fhur musik\u00ee bestek\u00e2r\u0131 \u0130smail Dede Efendi (\u00f6. 1846) Yenikap\u0131 Mevlev\u00eeh\u00e2nesi \u015feyhi Ali Nutk\u00ee Dede\u2019ye m\u00fcrid olmu\u015ftu. \u201cEy b\u00fct-i nev-ed\u00e2 olmu\u015fum m\u00fcbtel\u00e2\u201d m\u0131sra\u0131yla ba\u015flayan uzzal \u015fark\u0131s\u0131, \u201cYine<br \/>\nne\u015f\u2019e-yi muhabbet dil \u00fc c\u00e2n\u0131m etti \u015feyd\u00e2\u201d m\u0131sra\u0131yla ba\u015flayan hicaz y\u00fcr\u00fck sem\u00e2\u00eesi, \u201cBir ismi Mustafa bir ismi Ahmed\u201d m\u0131sra\u0131yla ba\u015flayan u\u015f\u015fak il\u00e2hi, \u201cYine bir g\u00fclnih\u00e2l ald\u0131 bu<br \/>\ng\u00f6nl\u00fcm\u00fc\u201d m\u0131sra\u0131yla ba\u015flayan \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 Dede Efendi\u2019nin en me\u015fhur eserlerindendir.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer \u0130slam sanatlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, hat sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ustalar\u0131n\u0131n da tasavvuf ve tekke k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Nak\u015fbend\u00ee \u015feyhlerinden Hic\u00e2z\u2019da muk\u00eem Muhammed C\u00e2n Efendi\u2019nin m\u00fcrid ve halifelerinden Kazasker Mustafa \u0130zzet Efendi (\u00f6. 1293\/1876) Ayasofya C\u00e2mii\u2019ndeki b\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u2019lik levhalar\u0131 yazan ki\u015fi idi.<br \/>\nS\u00fcl\u00fcs ve nesih yaz\u0131da zaman\u0131n\u0131n H\u00e2f\u0131z Osman\u2019\u0131 kabul edilirdi. Resim sanat\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fan s\u00fbf\u00eeler de olmu\u015ftu. Yenikap\u0131 Mevlev\u00eeh\u00e2nesi m\u00fcd\u00e2vimlerinden ve Yusuf Z\u00fchd\u00ee Dede\u2019nin<br \/>\nm\u00fcr\u00eedlerinden Leylek Hasan Dede (\u00f6. 1243\/1827) \u00e7ok\u00e7a leylek resmi \u00e7izen ve baz\u0131 hat yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 leylek \u015feklinde istif eden bir ki\u015fi idi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tezh\u00eeb sanat\u0131nda da dervi\u015flerin etkin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Mesel\u00e2 XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mevlev\u00ee m\u00fczehhibleri aras\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7enler, Rokoko tarz\u0131 tezhipler yapan Hac\u0131<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Dede, Mevlev\u00ee S\u00fcleyman Efendi ve Nak\u015f\u00ee Dede\u2019dir. Bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, vazolu vazosuz \u00e7i\u00e7ek buketleri, demetler ve tek \u00e7i\u00e7ek yapan sanat\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ebr\u00fb sanat\u0131n\u0131 Orta Asya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya getiren ki\u015fi de bir Nak\u015fbend\u00ee \u015feyhi idi. \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019daki \u00d6zbekler Tekkesi \u015feyhi S\u00e2d\u0131k Efendi (\u00f6. 1262\/1846) Buhara\u2019da iken \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi ebr\u00fb sanat\u0131n\u0131 iki o\u011fluna, \u015eeyh \u0130brahim Edhem ve N\u00e2fiz Efendi\u2019ye \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015f, bu sanat\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019da yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmi\u015ftir. \u0130brahim Edhem Efendi\u2019nin<br \/>\nebr\u00fb talebelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 Necmeddin Okyay (\u00f6. 1976), S\u00e2mi Efendi (\u00f6. 1912), Aziz Efendi (\u00f6. 1934) ve Abd\u00fclk\u00e2dir Kadri Efendi\u2019dir (\u00f6. 1942).<\/p>\n<p>Hul\u00e2sa sanat, duygu, a\u015fk ve sab\u0131r i\u015fidir.<\/p>\n<p>Tasavvuf da duygu, a\u015fk ve sab\u0131rdan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. Bu sebeple \u0130slam sanatlar\u0131yla me\u015fgul olan en me\u015fhur sanatk\u00e2rlar, tasavvuf ve tekke muhitlerinde yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TASAVVUFUN \u0130SL\u00c2M SAN&#8217;ATLARINA TES\u0130R\u0130 Necdet TOSUN \u0130slam sanatlar\u0131ndan \u015fiir, musik\u00ee, hat, ebr\u00fb gibi sahalarda eser verenlerden bir \u00e7o\u011funun hayat\u0131 incelendi\u011finde tasavvuf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ve tekkelerle ili\u015fkili ki\u015filer olduklar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hz. Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n alt\u0131 ciltlik Mesnev\u00ee\u2019si Fars\u00e7a ve naz\u0131m (\u015fiir) olarak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u2019d\u00ee \u015e\u00eer\u00e2z\u00ee ve Fer\u00eed\u00fcddin Att\u00e2r da Fars\u00e7a manzum eserler yazan b\u00fcy\u00fck mutasavv\u0131f ve \u015f\u00e2irlerdendir. T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,2,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-manset","category-tezhib-sanati"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=603"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":605,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/603\/revisions\/605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tezhib.tasavvuf.name\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}